Levetiracetam-A Novel AED And Monotherapy Drug

Levetiracetam-A Novel AED and monotherapy drug

Published Jan 9, 2020 by pharmaffiliates
Levetiracetam-A Novel AED and monotherapy drug

In World's neurological disorder burden, Epilepsy has termed the fourth common disease after headache, migraine and Alzheimer's disease.

Currently, approximately two-thirds of epileptic seizures were controlled by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) which are the main treatment method for epilepsy patients. The drugs which have been proven to have good therapeutic effects and low treatment cost are the conventional AEDs such as carbamazepine (CBZ) and sodium valproate (VPA). However, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, menstrual disorder, and memory deterioration are some major adverse events (AEs) related to these drugs which seriously affect the tolerance and compliance of patients. Although, compared with conventional AEDs, new AEDs are safer, but also more expensive.

In 2006, a monotherapy drug and a novel AED Levetiracetam (LEV) was licensed for adults and adolescents above 16 years of age with newly diagnosed focal-onset seizures.

Levetiracetam which available under the registered trademark of UCB S.A., KeppraR is the S-enantiomer of α-ethyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide.

Levetiracetam

CAS No - 102767-28-2

Levetiracetam has been reported to be a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug with a safe profile. In a recent study it was found that it is a far safer drug then its conventional counterpart sodium valproate for women of childbearing age who have migraine or epilepsy.

The above discussion proves the significance of Levetiracetam in the pharmaceutical parlance. However, fetching a high purity and high-quality drug product is an uphill task for the pharmaceutical industries and it depends upon several factors.

One major factor is pharmaceutical reference standards, which are a critical aspect in all phases of drug research, development, and commercialization.

Reference standards serve as the basis of evaluation for both process and product performance and are the benchmarks for the assessment of drug potency for patient consumption.

Now there are many impurities associated with Levetiracetam which were formed during the drug development, drug research or commercialization steps. These impurities need to be examined for their specification limit, which affects the efficacy and quality of the final drug.

List of Levetiracetam impurities are cited in this article :

S. No Product Name Chemical Name CAS No.
1 Levetiracetam - API Levetiracetam 102767-28-2
2 Levetiracetam - Impurity A (2RS)-2-(2-Oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoic Acid 67118-31-4
3 Levetiracetam - Impurity B (2Z)-2-(2-Oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)but-2-enamide 358629-47-7
4 Levetiracetam - Impurity C 2-Pyridinol 142-08-5
5 Levetiracetam - Impurity D (R)-Etiracetam 103765-01-1
6 Levetiracetam - Impurity E (Freebase) (1R)-1-phenylethanamine 3886-69-9
7 Levetiracetam - Impurity E (Hydrochloride Salt) 1-Phenylethanamine Hydrochloride 13437-79-1
8 Levetiracetam - Impurity G (Freebase) (2S)-2-Aminobutanamide 143164-46-9
9 (S)-N-(1-Amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-4-chlorobutanamide (S)-N-(1-Amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-4-chlorobutanamide 102767-31-7
10 Levetiracetam - Impurity G (Hydrochloride Salt) (S)-2-Aminobutanamide Hydrochloride 7682-20-4
11 Levetiracetam Racemic Mixture Levetiracetam Racemic Mixture 33996-58-6
12 Levetiracetam Carboxylic Acid Levetiracetam Carboxylic Acid 102849-49-0
13 N-(1-Amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-4-chlorobutanamide N-(1-Amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-4-chlorobutanamide 774604-48-7
14 Levetiracetam Acid Levetiracetam Acid 103833-72-3
15 L-2-Aminobutyric Acid Methyl Ester Hydrochloride L-2-Aminobutyric Acid Methyl Ester Hydrochloride 56545-22-3
16 (S)-Methyl 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoate (S)-Methyl 2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanoate 358629-51-3
17 (S)-2-Aminobutanoic Acid Hydrochloride (S)-2-Aminobutanoic Acid Hydrochloride 5959-29-5
18 (S)-N-(1-Amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-4-chlorobutanamide-d3 (S)-N-(1-Amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-4-chlorobutanamide-d3 1795786-85-4
19 (S)-N-(1-Amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-4-chlorobutanamide-d6 (S)-N-(1-Amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-4-chlorobutanamide-d6 NA
20 Levetiracetam-d3 See L331503, or L331504 Levetiracetam-d3 See L331503, or L331504 1217851-16-5
21 Levetiracetam-d6 See L331502 Levetiracetam-d6 See L331502 1133229-30-7
22 Levetiracetam-d3 (contains d0) Levetiracetam-d3 (contains d0) 1217851-16-5
23 Levetiracetam-d6 (2,3,3,4,4,4-butyramide-d6) Levetiracetam-d6 (2,3,3,4,4,4-butyramide-d6) 1133229-29-4
24 2,4-Dichlorobutanoyl Chloride 2,4-Dichlorobutanoyl Chloride 79194-54-0
25 (R)-N-((R)-1-Amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-3-((((S)-1-amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)methyl)hexanamide (R)-N-((R)-1-Amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-3-((((S)-1-amino-1-oxobutan-2-yl)amino)methyl)hexanamide NA

To qualify and quantify these impurities in the final product of Levetiracetam, there is a massive requirement of reliable Pharmaceutical reference standard sources.

But, a particular problem is the absence of publicly available reference materials. Without the availability of this public material, no second or third party can test independently or take action. This availability is thus fundamental to the need for that medicines are manufactured according to up-to-date and relevant standards.

Reference materials are an integral component of the procedures of the private or public control specification.

The reliable Reference standard provider, provides Pharmaceutical standards, impurities, related substance, and stable isotopes of Levetiracetam along with a comprehensive Certificate of Analysis detailing the characterization process for the material, and ensuring its suitability for both qualitative and quantitative analysis.

The Certificate of Analysis must also take care of all the regulatory requirements.

At Pharmaffiliates, a dedicated analytical, synthesis and customer service teams go hand in hand to utilize the state-of-art infrastructure and high-end instruments with 21CFR part 11 compliance, to obtain par excellence reference standards.

Pharmaffiliates Analytics and Synthetics Pvt. Ltd. is a gigantic name as a leading global manufacturer and distributor of reference materials of Pharmaceutical, Phytochemicals, Agrochemicals, Deuterated products, Environmental use.

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